Easy2Siksha.com
   2023
/  

[   (1799-1966)]
 : 3   :100
:     ,            
           
-
1.            
2.           
-
3.             1849  1857  
      
4.             
-
5.    ,       
Easy2Siksha.com
6.          
-
7.           
8.               
   2023
/  

[   (1799-1966)]
 : 3   :100
:     ,            
           
-
1.            
:               
        ,    18      
  —            
             ,   
        ,    ,     
Easy2Siksha.com
         ,        
        ,          -
    
               
              , 
, ,  ,          
            
   
      ,         ""  
 ""  ""     ,          
                , 
 (    ), , ,    
,      ,          
                 
                

    :    
                
               
                
  ,              
 
            —    , 
             
                
 ,              , 
   -          
      
       ,          
   ,     ,       
      ,    1799      ,  
              
Easy2Siksha.com
    ,          
    -       
      ,           

,                 
       ,  -        
 
    
              
    ,     ( ),     
                
  
                
            
 ,               
             
  
               
            ,  - 
      
     ,         
            ,     
      
,                 
      
       ?
            
                
   
                
            
Easy2Siksha.com
,                 
                 
 
,      ,         
    
                 
         ,      
   
              
        19        
      
        
   
              ,   
            
   :
•         
•     
•        
•      
•      
   :
•      
•       
•       
•          

              —     
              
,          ,    
       
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2.           
:()  
1.   
             
  ,    ,        
  ,              
•              ,  
          
•      ,        

2. 
      ,    -   
         
•  :  ,            
   
•   :   ,        
•     ,       
                
    
3.  
              
          
•    ,         
•       
•                
4.  
          -     
•              
•         ,     
Easy2Siksha.com
•             
5.   
                
         
•       ,          -
    
•               
       
()  
  ,            
1.   
        ,          
 -  ,           
 
•    , ,     
•            
2.   
     ,        
•   ,        
•            
•           ,     

3.  
         ,      
 
•    ,      
•               
4.  
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                
      ,         

5.  
               
   ,         -    
()      
•  :  ,        

• :           ,  
 
• :   ,       
•         
•  :           

              
,   ,  ,         ,  
          
 -
3.             1849  1857  
      
:   
      ,           
   ,  1849          
        :
•   –   
•  –  
•  –     
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                 
              , 
         
                 
      ,        
  ,               
     ,       
1853 ,                
           
     
           ,      
                 
     
     ,   -        
:
1.               
2.        
               
               

                
    
                 
,              
•        
•        
•           
 ,   -            
         
Easy2Siksha.com
               
         ,       - 
           
   
                
       
  :
   ,             
       
 :
                
   
          ,        
                 
 
   
  —   —      
-   ,           :  
    
    :
•               

•         
  1857        ,       
         
       
          ,      
Easy2Siksha.com
         :
• 
•  ( )
•  
  ,              
             
 
   
     ,        
 
•            
•            
•              
                   , 
       
  
     ,          
  ,      
                  
         
1850     ,             
 

1849  1857  ,            
            ,
     ,     ,     ,
Easy2Siksha.com
    ,           

                  
      ;  ,      
  
,                
      1857      ,      
       
4.             
:         
 ,          ,    
             , 
            (1816-1885) ,  
        ,        
              
1.   
    19           - 
 ( )            
     ,     -     
 
•  :              
       11        12  
   
•  :     ,       
     ,         
  
•  :   -        ,
        
2.     
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1816               - 
                
  
•  :   ,           
         
•  :      ,     
     
•  :         , ,  
              
,               
             
   
3.   
               
 
• :    ,         
           
•   :           -  
( ) ,      
•  :           
,              
       
• :             ,
     ,     
4.    
          ,   
      
• 1872 ,          ,    
    
•             -    
        
•       ()     ,   1885   
 
  ,          
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5.    
          
•  :          
•   ,         
     
•  :             
    
• 
 :          ,    
              
 

              — 
    ,       ,
                  
 ,           
     
 -
5.    ,       
:󷇮󷇭   
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    20    ,  1913  ,     
                
     — —       
       ,    ,  ,  
       
                
                 
       ,        
 
      ,           
          ,     

 ,            
        ,      
           ,    "" 
                
      
         ,         
          ,     
               
󹻦󹻧   
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    ,    
     
                 
              
           :
1.  :
               
            
2.   :
        ,        
 —             , 
     
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3. 
 :
    
   ,        
, , ,           
4.    :
 1914     ,            
 ,               
           ,  
                 
          
1914                
                ,  
                  
               

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
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           ,   
   
1. 
   :
                
          —    
2.     :
                 
               
3.    :
          
     
       ,           
  
4.    :
               
       ,         
—         
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5.     :
              
           
󽆪󽆫󽆬
       —        
              ,    
              
           ,    
      ,          
      ,        
            
6.          
:      
  ,    (1920-1925)       , 
    -         
()    ()           
               ,  
, ,           
1.   
•        ,        
•    ,             
     
•      ,         
      
•      ,        
   
2.    
•  ,        ,   
 
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•     -       ,   
     
•                 
       
3.     
•    (19    )         
         
•  ,          
•        ,       
             
4.  
•               
 
•      ,          
      
•        ,        
   
5.  
• 20       
   
•             
            
•        ()     
 -     
6.      
•    (1921)         , 
        ,        
            
• --  (1922):           
  ,         
•    (1921):           
      ,        
 
       
           ,   
    
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7.     
•   ,           
    
•           ,      
           
•                
  
8.   
•        (1925)  ,  
      
•                 
  
•              
       

    , ,     
  -
              
                ,  
      — ,          
                
  
 -
7.           
:1947            
                 ,
           —     ,
 ,  
              
      ;  , , ,       
  
               
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󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆    –     
1947  ,   "   "           
                  
—,   —  ,          
 -    ,       
      ,         -
     
󽁌󽁍󽁎       
                
            ,    
         
  , 20     -       
       ,     ,   
          ,       
                
     
   -      
󷩡󷩟󷩠   
-      ,        
 
•  
           
•                 

              
   -        ,  1940 
   ,           
                 -
         
      :           ?
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󽁗   
-    
,     
•                
      
•                  
 
•               
              
     
    ,     -      
󹻦󹻧     
1940     ,            , 
         
1946-47                 
      ,   -    
                
               ,      
     
   — —    
      
                 
    ,             
               
          1947      
-          
Easy2Siksha.com
     ,        
  ,            
        
󽆛󽆜󽆝󽆞󽆟 – 
               
                 
             
  ,          
   :      ,        

        
      ,      ""   
      ,       :
•   → 
•   → 
              
󺥊󺥹󺥌󺥍󺥎󺥏󺥐󺥑󺥒󺥓󺥺󺥻󺥼󺥽󺥾󺥿󺦀󺦁    
      ,      10-15   
   
•      
•        
   , ,       
        
          ,   
      
Easy2Siksha.com
 ,    ,         
-  -
                  
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸     -   
      ,         :
1.               
2.              
3.              
4.             
5.                
  
6.      ,        
 
7.        
      —  ,  , 
      
󷆹󷆴󷆽󷆺󷆻󷆼
         ;      -   
            ,     
 ,    -      ,     
        
             :   
         ,       
8.               
:           
 —    —         
         ,       
    1940       1960     , 
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       ,       
          
1.   
1947    ,    " "        
           ,     
 ,                
    - 
          
     ,
                
   
2.   (1947-1956)
•   ,   ,          
        
•      ,        
• ,  
            ,
         
• 1956 ,       ,     ,  
  
3.     (1956-1960  )
   1956        
•    :          ,  
     
•               
                
 
•  :     ,      
,  -      
•  :               ,
     
4.   
•              
  
•              
           
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•        ()     
  ,        
5.  
•   : 1960          
  
                
  
•        ,   , 1969  
     ,          
•               
         -  
6.   
          ,        "
"             ,   
                
7.   (1966)
    ,      1  1966 ,    
  :
•      ()    
•           
•           
•              
  
            
8.   
•     ,        
•            
•           ,     
   
•              
    
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        ,        
                  
  ,   1966   ,       
      
“              
       ,       ”